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The History Of England, From The Invasion Of Julius Caesar To The Revolution Of 1688
- Titel
- The History Of England, From The Invasion Of Julius Caesar To The Revolution Of 1688
- Autor
- Hume, David
- Smollett, Tobias George
- Verleger
- Robinson
- Erscheinungsort
- London
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1833
- Umfang
- XIV Seiten, 10 ungezählte Seiten, 1354 Seiten, 60 ungezählte Seiten
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Signatur
- 2019 9 000401
- Vorlage
- SLUB Dresden
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
- Lizenz-/Rechtehinweis
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- URN
- urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-db-id17034202412
- PURL
- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1703420241
- OAI-Identifier
- oai:de:slub-dresden:db:id-1703420241
- Weiterführender Link
- Katalogverweis
- SLUB-Katalog (PPN)
- 1703420241
- Sammlungen
- Freiherrlich von Friesen’sche Schlossbibliothek zu Rötha
- Ausgabe
- Complete In One Volume; With The Last Corrections And Improvements Of The Authors ...
- Strukturtyp
- Monographie
- Parlamentsperiode
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- Wahlperiode
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- Titel
- Chap. XIX. Henry V. The king’s former disorders — His reformation — The Lollards — Punishment of lord Cobham — State of France — Invasion of that kingdom — Battle of Azincour — State of France — New invasion of France — Assassination of the duke of Burgundy — Treaty of Troye — Marriage of the king — His death — and character — Miscellaneous transactions during this reign
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
- Strukturtyp
- Kapitel
- Parlamentsperiode
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- Wahlperiode
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- Titel
- Chap. XX. Henry VI. Government during the minority — State of France — Military operations — Battle of Verneüil — Siege of Orleans — The maid of Orleans — The siege of Orleans raised — The king of France crowned at Rheims — Prudence of the duke of Bedford — Execution of the maid of Orleans — Defection of the duke of Burgundy — Death of the duke of Bedford — Decline of the English in France — Truce with France — Marriage of the king with Margaret of Anjou — Murder of the duke of Glocester — State of France — Renewal of the war with France — The English expelled France
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
- Strukturtyp
- Kapitel
- Parlamentsperiode
- -
- Wahlperiode
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
- MonographieThe History Of England, From The Invasion Of Julius Caesar To ... -
- EinbandEinband -
- TitelblattTitelblatt III
- KapitelThe Life Of David Hume, Esq. Written By Himself V
- KapitelLetter From Adam Smith, LL. D. To William Strahan, Esq. XI
- InhaltsverzeichnisInhaltsverzeichnis -
- KapitelChapter I. The Britons – Romans – Saxons – the Heptarchy – The ... 1
- KapitelChap. II. Egbert – Ethelwolf – Ethelbald and Ethelbert – Ethered ... 15
- KapitelChap. III. Ethelred — Settlement of the Normans — Edmund ... 29
- KapitelChap. IV. William the Conqueror. Consequences of the battle of ... 44
- KapitelChap. V. William Rufus. Accession of William Rufus — Conspiracy ... 56
- KapitelChap. VI. Henry I. The Crusades — Accession of Henry — Marriage ... 61
- KapitelChap. VII. Stephen. Accession of Stephen—War with ... 69
- KapitelChap. VIII. Henry II. State of Europe — of France — First acts ... 74
- KapitelChap. IX. Henry II. State of Ireland — Conquest of that island — ... 86
- KapitelChap. X. Richard I. The king’s preparations for the crusade — ... 96
- KapitelChap. XI. John. Accession of the king — His marriage — War with ... 104
- KapitelChap. XII. Henry III. Settlement of the government — General ... 117
- KapitelChap. XIII. Edward I. Civil administration of the king — ... 137
- KapitelChap. XIV. Edward II. Weakness of the king — His passion for ... 158
- KapitelChap. XV. Edward III. War with Scotland — Execution of the Earl ... 167
- KapitelChap. XVI. Institution of the garter — State of France — Battle ... 184
- KapitelChap. XVII. Richard II. Government during the minority — ... 196
- KapitelChap. XVIII. Henry IV. Title of the king — An insurrection — An ... 209
- KapitelChap. XIX. Henry V. The king’s former disorders — His ... 214
- KapitelChap. XX. Henry VI. Government during the minority — State of ... 222
- KapitelChap. XXI. Henry VI. Claim of the duke of York to the crown — ... 234
- KapitelChap. XXII. Edward IV. Battle of Touton — Henry escapes into ... 242
- KapitelChap. XXIII. Edward V. And Richard III. Edward V. — State of the ... 253
- KapitelChap. XXIV. Henry VII. Edward V. — State of the court — The earl ... 262
- KapitelChap. XXV. State of foreign affairs — State of Scotland — of ... 268
- KapitelChapt. XXVI. Perkin retires to Scotland — Insurrection in the ... 276
- KapitelChap. XXVII. Henry VIII. Popularity of the new king — His ... 285
- KapitelChap. XXVIII. Wolsey’s administration — Scotch affairs — ... 293
- KapitelChap. XXIX. Digression concerning the ecclesiastical state — ... 299
- KapitelChapt.. XXX. Scruples concerning the king’s marriage — The king ... 309
- KapitelChap. XXXI. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 320
- KapitelChap. XXXII. Disputation with Lambert — A Parliament — Law of ... 334
- KapitelChap. XXXIII. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 342
- KapitelChap. XXXIV. Edward VI. State of the regency — Innovations in ... 354
- KapitelChap. XXXV. Discontents of the people — Insurrections — Conduct ... 364
- KapitelChap. XXXVI. Mary. The History of England from the Invasion of ... 372
- KapitelChap. XXXVII. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 381
- KapitelChap. XXXVIII. Elizabeth. Queen’s popularity — Re-establishment ... 390
- KapitelChap. XXXIX. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 404
- KapitelChap. XL. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 423
- KapitelChap. XLI. Affairs of Scotland — Spanish affairs — Sir Francis ... 441
- KapitelChap. XLII. Zeal of the catholics — Babington’s conspiracy — ... 452
- KapitelChap. XLIII. French affairs — Murder of the duke of Guise — ... 469
- KapitelChap. XLIV. State of Ireland — Tyrone’s rebellion — Essex sent ... 478
- KapitelChap. XLV. James I. Introduction — James’s first transactions — ... 491
- KapitelChap. XLVI. Gunpowder conspiracy — A parliament — Truce betwixt ... 497
- KapitelChap. XLVII. Death of Prince Henry — Marriage of the Princess ... 504
- KapitelChap. XLVIII. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 511
- KapitelChap. XLIX. Negociations with regard to the marriage and the ... 518
- KapitelChap. L. Charles I. A parliament at Westminster — At Oxford — ... 526
- KapitelChap. LI. Third parliament — Petition of right — Prorogation — ... 534
- KapitelChap. LII. Peace with France — Peace with Spain — State of the ... 543
- KapitelChap. LIII. Discontents in Scotland — Introduction of the canons ... 552
- KapitelChap. LIV. Meeting of the long parliament — Strafford and Laud ... 561
- KapitelChap. LV. Settlement of Scotland — Conspiracy in Ireland — ... 574
- KapitelChap. LVI. Commencement of the civil war — State of parties — ... 589
- KapitelChap. LVII. Invasion of the Scots — Battle of Marston-moor — ... 601
- KapitelChap. LVIII. Montrose’s victories — The new model of the army — ... 610
- KapitelChap. LIX. Mutiny of the army — The king seized by Joyce — The ... 619
- KapitelChap. LXVII. The Popish plot – Oates’s narrative – And character ... 626
- KapitelChap. LX. The Commonwealth. State of England – Of Scotland – Of ... 635
- KapitelChap. LXI. Cromwel’s birth and private life — Barebone’s ... 650
- KapitelChap. LXII. Richard acknowledged protector — A parliament — ... 665
- KapitelChap. LXIII. Charles II. New ministery — Act of indemnity — ... 677
- KapitelChap. LXIV. A new session — Rupture with Holland — A new session ... 687
- KapitelChap. LXV. A Parliament — The Cabal — Their Characters — Their ... 699
- KapitelChap. LXVI. Schemes of the Cabal — Remonstrances of Sir William ... 713
- KapitelChap. LXVII. The Popish plot – Oates’s narrative – And character ... 726
- KapitelChap. LXVIII. State of parties – State of the ministry – ... 738
- KapitelChap. LXIX. State of affairs in Ireland — Shaftesbury acquitted ... 747
- KapitelChap. LXX. James II. King’s first transactions — A parliament — ... 759
- KapitelChap. LXXI. Conduct of the prince of Orange — He forms a league ... 771
- AnhangAppendix 786
- KapitelThe history of England from the revolution to the death of ... 823
- KapitelThe history of England from the revolution to the death of ... 996
- KapitelThe history of England from the revolution to the death of ... 1106
- RegisterIndex 1355
- EinbandEinband 1420
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tiffs ever after a mortal antipathy to those assemblies. The same jealousy which had long prevailed in most European countries, between the civil aristocracy and monarchy, now also took place between these powers in the ecclesi astical body. But the great separation of the bishops in the several states, and the difficulty of assembling them, gave the Pope a mighty advantage, and made it more easy for him to centre all the powers of the hierarchy in his own person. The cruelty and treachery which attend ed the punishment of John Huss and Jerome of Prague, the unhappy disciples of Wickliffe, who, in violation of a safe conduct, were burned alive for their errors by the council of Constance, prove this melancholy truth, that toleration is none of the virtues of priests in any form of ecclesiastical government. But as the English nation had little or no concern in these great transactions, we are here the more concise in relating them. The first commission of array which we meet with, was issued in this reign. 11 The military part of the feudal system, which was the most essential circumstance of it, was entirely dissolved ; and could no longer serve for the defence of the kingdom. Henry, therefore, when he went to France in 1415, empowered certain commissioners to take, in each county, a review of all the free-men able to bear arms, to divide them into companies, and to keep them in readiness for resisting an enemy. This was the sera when the feudal militia in England gave place to one, which was, perhaps, still less orderly and regular. We have an authentic and exact account of the ordi nary revenue of the crown during this reign; and it amounts only to 55,714 pounds 10 shillings and 10 pence a year.' This is nearly the same with the revenue of Henry III. and the kings of England had neither become much richer nor poorer in the course of so many years. The ordinary expense of the government amounted to 42,507 pounds 16 shillings and 10 pence : so that the king had a surplus only of 13,206 pounds 14 shillings for the support of his household; for his wardrobe ; for the ex pense of embassies; and other articles. This sum was nowise sufficient: he was therefore obliged to have fre quent recourse to parliamentary supplies, and was thus, even in time of peace, not altogether independent of his people. But wars were attended with a great expense, which neither the prince’s ordinary revenue, nor the extra ordinary supplies, were able to bear ; and the sovereign was always reduced to many miserable shifts, in order to make any tolerable figure in them. He commonly bor rowed money from all quarters; he pawned his jewels, and sometimes the crown itself; k he ran in arrears to his army; and he was often obliged, notwithstanding all these expedients, to stop in the midst of his career of victory, and to grant truces to the enemy. The high pay which was given to soldiers agreed very ill with this low income. All the extraordinary supplies granted by parliament to Henry during the course of his reign, were only seven tenths and fifteenths, about 203,000 pounds. 1 It is easy to compute how soon this money must be exhausted by armies of 24,000 archers, and 6000 horse; when each archer had six-pence a day,“ arid each horseman two shil lings. The most splendid successes proved commonly fruitless, when supported by so poor a revenue; and the debts and difficulties which the king thereby incurred, made him pay dear for his victories. The civil adminis tration likewise, even in time of peace, could never be very regular, where the government was so ill enabled to support itself. Henry, till within a year of his death, owed debts which he had contracted when Prince of Wales." It was in vain that the parliament pretended to restrain him from arbitrary practices, when he was reduced to such necessities. Though the right of levying purvey ance, for instance, had been expressly guarded against by the Great Charter itself, and was frequently complained of by the Commons, it was found absolutely impracticable to abolish it; and the parliament at length, submitting to it as a legal prerogative, contented themselves with enact- h Rymer, vol. ix. p. 254, 255. i Ibid. vol. x. p. US. k Ibid. p. 190. 1 Parliamentary History, vol. ii. p. 168. m It appears from many passages of Rymer, particularly vol. ix.p.258, that the king paid 20 marks a year tor an archer, which is a good deal above six-pence a day. Tlie price bad risen, as is natural, by raising the denomination of money. ing laws to limit and confine it. The Duke of Gloucester, in the reign of Richard II., possessed a revenue of 60,000 crowns, (about 30,000 pounds a year of our present money,) as we learn from Froissart," and was, conse quently, richer than the king himself, if all circum stances be duly considered. It is remarkable that the city of Calais alone was an annual expense to the crown of 19,119 pounds ;P that is, above a third of the common charge of the government in time of peace. This fortress was of no use to the defence of England, and only gave that kingdom an inlet to annoy France. Ireland cost two thousand pounds a year, over and above its own revenue; which was certainly very low. Every thing conspires to give us a very mean idea of the state of Europe in those ages. From the most early times, till the reign of Edward III. the denomination of money had never been altered: a pound sterling was still a pound troy; that is, about three pounds of our present money. That conqueror was the first that innovated in this important article. In the twentieth of his reign he coined twenty-two shillings from a pound troy; in his twenty-seventh year he coined twenty-five shillings. But Henry V. who was also a con queror, raised still further the denomination, and coined thirty shillings from a pound troy: i his revenue, there fore, must have been about 110,000 pounds of our pre sent money; and by the cheapness of provisions, was equivalent to above 330,000 pounds. None of the princes of the house of Lancaster ventured to impose taxes without consent of parliament: their doubtful or bad title became so far of advantage to the constitution. The rule was then fixed, and could not safely be broken afterwards, even by more absolute princes. CHAP. XX. HENRY VI. Government during the minority—State of France—Military operations— Battle of Verneinl—Siege of Orleans—The Maid of Orleans—the siege of Orleans raised —I he King of France crowned at Rhelms— Prudence of the Duke ot Bedford—Execution of the Maid of Orleans—Defection ot the Duke of Burgundy—Deatli of the Duke of Bedford—Decline of the English in France—Truce with France—Marriage of the kin" with Margaret ot Anjou—Murder of the Duke of Gloucester—State ©'France —Renewal ot the war with France—'The English expelled France. During the reigns of the Lancastrian princes, the authority of parliament seems Gov?rnmmt to have been more confirmed, and the privi- during the leges of the people more regarded, than dur- mllMr,t x- ing any former period; and the two preceding kings, though men of great spirit and abilities, abstained from such exertions of prerogative, as even weak princes, whose title was undisputed, were tempted to think .they might venture upon with impunity. The long minority, of which there was now the prospect, encouraged still further the Lords and Commons to extend their influence, and without paying much regard to the verbal destination of Henry V. they assumed the power of giving a new arrangement to’ the whole administration. They declined altogether the name of Resent with regard to England : they appointed the Duke of Bedford Protector or Guardian of that kingdom, a title which they supposed to imply less authority : they invested the Duke of Glou cester with the same dignity during the absence of his elder brother : a and, in order to limit the power of both these princes, they appointed a council, without whose advice and approbation no measure of importance could be determined. b The person and education of the infant prince was committed to Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, his great uncle, and the legitimated son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster; a prelate, who, as his family could never have any pretensions to the crown, n Rymer, vol. x. p. 114. o Liv. iv. chap. 86. p Rymer, vol. x. p. 113. q Fleetwood’s Chronicon Preciosum, p.52. a Rymer, vol. x. p. 261. Cotton, p. 564- b Cottqp, p. 564.
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