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The History Of England, From The Invasion Of Julius Caesar To The Revolution Of 1688
- Titel
- The History Of England, From The Invasion Of Julius Caesar To The Revolution Of 1688
- Autor
- Hume, David
- Smollett, Tobias George
- Verleger
- Robinson
- Erscheinungsort
- London
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1833
- Umfang
- XIV Seiten, 10 ungezählte Seiten, 1354 Seiten, 60 ungezählte Seiten
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Signatur
- 2019 9 000401
- Vorlage
- SLUB Dresden
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
- Lizenz-/Rechtehinweis
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- URN
- urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-db-id17034202412
- PURL
- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1703420241
- OAI-Identifier
- oai:de:slub-dresden:db:id-1703420241
- Weiterführender Link
- Katalogverweis
- SLUB-Katalog (PPN)
- 1703420241
- Sammlungen
- Freiherrlich von Friesen’sche Schlossbibliothek zu Rötha
- Ausgabe
- Complete In One Volume; With The Last Corrections And Improvements Of The Authors ...
- Strukturtyp
- Monographie
- Parlamentsperiode
- -
- Wahlperiode
- -
- Titel
- Chap. XXXVII. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the Revolution in 1688, Foreword by William B. Todd, 6 vols. (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund 1983). Vol. 3. https://oll.libertyfund.org/title/hume-the-history-of-england-vol-3#Hume_0011-03_746 Reasons for and against Toleration — Persecutions — A parliament — The queen’s extortions — The emperor resigns his crown — Execution of Cranmer — War with France — Battle of St. Quintin — Calais taken by the French — Affairs of Scotland — Marriage of the Dauphin and the queen of Scots — A parliament — Death of the queen
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
- Strukturtyp
- Kapitel
- Parlamentsperiode
- -
- Wahlperiode
- -
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- MonographieThe History Of England, From The Invasion Of Julius Caesar To ... -
- EinbandEinband -
- TitelblattTitelblatt III
- KapitelThe Life Of David Hume, Esq. Written By Himself V
- KapitelLetter From Adam Smith, LL. D. To William Strahan, Esq. XI
- InhaltsverzeichnisInhaltsverzeichnis -
- KapitelChapter I. The Britons – Romans – Saxons – the Heptarchy – The ... 1
- KapitelChap. II. Egbert – Ethelwolf – Ethelbald and Ethelbert – Ethered ... 15
- KapitelChap. III. Ethelred — Settlement of the Normans — Edmund ... 29
- KapitelChap. IV. William the Conqueror. Consequences of the battle of ... 44
- KapitelChap. V. William Rufus. Accession of William Rufus — Conspiracy ... 56
- KapitelChap. VI. Henry I. The Crusades — Accession of Henry — Marriage ... 61
- KapitelChap. VII. Stephen. Accession of Stephen—War with ... 69
- KapitelChap. VIII. Henry II. State of Europe — of France — First acts ... 74
- KapitelChap. IX. Henry II. State of Ireland — Conquest of that island — ... 86
- KapitelChap. X. Richard I. The king’s preparations for the crusade — ... 96
- KapitelChap. XI. John. Accession of the king — His marriage — War with ... 104
- KapitelChap. XII. Henry III. Settlement of the government — General ... 117
- KapitelChap. XIII. Edward I. Civil administration of the king — ... 137
- KapitelChap. XIV. Edward II. Weakness of the king — His passion for ... 158
- KapitelChap. XV. Edward III. War with Scotland — Execution of the Earl ... 167
- KapitelChap. XVI. Institution of the garter — State of France — Battle ... 184
- KapitelChap. XVII. Richard II. Government during the minority — ... 196
- KapitelChap. XVIII. Henry IV. Title of the king — An insurrection — An ... 209
- KapitelChap. XIX. Henry V. The king’s former disorders — His ... 214
- KapitelChap. XX. Henry VI. Government during the minority — State of ... 222
- KapitelChap. XXI. Henry VI. Claim of the duke of York to the crown — ... 234
- KapitelChap. XXII. Edward IV. Battle of Touton — Henry escapes into ... 242
- KapitelChap. XXIII. Edward V. And Richard III. Edward V. — State of the ... 253
- KapitelChap. XXIV. Henry VII. Edward V. — State of the court — The earl ... 262
- KapitelChap. XXV. State of foreign affairs — State of Scotland — of ... 268
- KapitelChapt. XXVI. Perkin retires to Scotland — Insurrection in the ... 276
- KapitelChap. XXVII. Henry VIII. Popularity of the new king — His ... 285
- KapitelChap. XXVIII. Wolsey’s administration — Scotch affairs — ... 293
- KapitelChap. XXIX. Digression concerning the ecclesiastical state — ... 299
- KapitelChapt.. XXX. Scruples concerning the king’s marriage — The king ... 309
- KapitelChap. XXXI. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 320
- KapitelChap. XXXII. Disputation with Lambert — A Parliament — Law of ... 334
- KapitelChap. XXXIII. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 342
- KapitelChap. XXXIV. Edward VI. State of the regency — Innovations in ... 354
- KapitelChap. XXXV. Discontents of the people — Insurrections — Conduct ... 364
- KapitelChap. XXXVI. Mary. The History of England from the Invasion of ... 372
- KapitelChap. XXXVII. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 381
- KapitelChap. XXXVIII. Elizabeth. Queen’s popularity — Re-establishment ... 390
- KapitelChap. XXXIX. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 404
- KapitelChap. XL. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 423
- KapitelChap. XLI. Affairs of Scotland — Spanish affairs — Sir Francis ... 441
- KapitelChap. XLII. Zeal of the catholics — Babington’s conspiracy — ... 452
- KapitelChap. XLIII. French affairs — Murder of the duke of Guise — ... 469
- KapitelChap. XLIV. State of Ireland — Tyrone’s rebellion — Essex sent ... 478
- KapitelChap. XLV. James I. Introduction — James’s first transactions — ... 491
- KapitelChap. XLVI. Gunpowder conspiracy — A parliament — Truce betwixt ... 497
- KapitelChap. XLVII. Death of Prince Henry — Marriage of the Princess ... 504
- KapitelChap. XLVIII. The History of England from the Invasion of Julius ... 511
- KapitelChap. XLIX. Negociations with regard to the marriage and the ... 518
- KapitelChap. L. Charles I. A parliament at Westminster — At Oxford — ... 526
- KapitelChap. LI. Third parliament — Petition of right — Prorogation — ... 534
- KapitelChap. LII. Peace with France — Peace with Spain — State of the ... 543
- KapitelChap. LIII. Discontents in Scotland — Introduction of the canons ... 552
- KapitelChap. LIV. Meeting of the long parliament — Strafford and Laud ... 561
- KapitelChap. LV. Settlement of Scotland — Conspiracy in Ireland — ... 574
- KapitelChap. LVI. Commencement of the civil war — State of parties — ... 589
- KapitelChap. LVII. Invasion of the Scots — Battle of Marston-moor — ... 601
- KapitelChap. LVIII. Montrose’s victories — The new model of the army — ... 610
- KapitelChap. LIX. Mutiny of the army — The king seized by Joyce — The ... 619
- KapitelChap. LXVII. The Popish plot – Oates’s narrative – And character ... 626
- KapitelChap. LX. The Commonwealth. State of England – Of Scotland – Of ... 635
- KapitelChap. LXI. Cromwel’s birth and private life — Barebone’s ... 650
- KapitelChap. LXII. Richard acknowledged protector — A parliament — ... 665
- KapitelChap. LXIII. Charles II. New ministery — Act of indemnity — ... 677
- KapitelChap. LXIV. A new session — Rupture with Holland — A new session ... 687
- KapitelChap. LXV. A Parliament — The Cabal — Their Characters — Their ... 699
- KapitelChap. LXVI. Schemes of the Cabal — Remonstrances of Sir William ... 713
- KapitelChap. LXVII. The Popish plot – Oates’s narrative – And character ... 726
- KapitelChap. LXVIII. State of parties – State of the ministry – ... 738
- KapitelChap. LXIX. State of affairs in Ireland — Shaftesbury acquitted ... 747
- KapitelChap. LXX. James II. King’s first transactions — A parliament — ... 759
- KapitelChap. LXXI. Conduct of the prince of Orange — He forms a league ... 771
- AnhangAppendix 786
- KapitelThe history of England from the revolution to the death of ... 823
- KapitelThe history of England from the revolution to the death of ... 996
- KapitelThe history of England from the revolution to the death of ... 1106
- RegisterIndex 1355
- EinbandEinband 1420
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Volltext Seite (XML)
CHAP. XXXVII. Reasons for and against toleration—Persecutions—A parliament—The queeu’s extortions—1 he emperor lesigus his crown—Execution of CTanmer—U ar with France — Battle ot bt. Quintin - Calais taken by the French—Affairs ot Scotland—Marriage of the dauphin and the Queen ot Scots—A parliament—Death of the queen. ... The success which Gardiner, from his ' Ij '‘ o ' cautious and prudent conduct, had met with in governing the parliament, and engaging them to concur both in the Spanish match, and the re-establishment of the ancient religion, two points to which, it was believed, they bore an extreme aversion, had so raised his character for wisdom and policy, that his opinion was received as an oracle in the council ; and his authority, as it was always great in his own party, no longer suffered any opposition or control. Cardinal Pole himself, though more beloved on account of his virtue and candour, and though superior in birth and station, had not equal weight in public de liberations; and while his learning, piety, and humanity were extremely respected, he was represented more as a good man than a great minister. A very important ques tion was frequently debated before the queen and council by these two ecclesiastics ; whether the laws lately revived against heretics should be put in execution, or should only be employed to restrain by terror the bold attempts of these zealots? Pole was very sincere in his religious prin ciples ; and though his moderation had made him be sus pected at Rome of a tendency towards Lutheranism, he was seriously persuaded of the catholic doctrines, and thought that no consideration of human policy ought ever to come in competition with such important interests. Gardiner, on the contrary, had always made his religion subservient to his schemes of safety or advancement; and by his unlimited complaisance to Henry, he had shown that had he not been pushed to extremity under the late minority, he was sufficiently disposed to make a sacrifice of his principles to the established theology. This was the well-known character of these two great counsellors; yet such is the prevalence of temper above system, that the benevolent disposition of Pole led him to advise a toler ation of the heretical tenets which he highly blamed; while the severe manners of Gardiner inclined him to sup port by persecution that religion which, at the bottom, he regarded with great indifference.’ This circumstance of public conduct was of the highest importance; and from being the object of deliberation in the council, it soon be came the subject of discourse throughout the nation. We shall relate, in a few words, the topics by which each side supported, or might have supported, their scheme of poli cy ; and shall display the opposite reasons, which nave been employed with regard to an argument that ever has been, and ever will be, so much canvassed. Reasons for and r T , he practice of persecution, said the de- against toiera- fenders of Pole’s opinion, is the scandal of all religion; and the theological animosity so fierce and violent, far from being an argument of men’s conviction in their opposite sects, is a certain proof that they have never reached any serious persuasion with re gard to these remote and sublime subjects. Even those who are the most impatient of contradiction in other con troversies, are mild and moderate in comparison of polemi cal divines; and wherever a man’s knowledge and experi ence give him a perfect assurance in his own opinion, he regards with contempt, rather than anger, the opposition and mistakes of others. But while men zealously maintain what they neither clearly comprehend nor entirely believe, they are shaken in their imagined faith by the opposite persuasion, or even doubts, of other men ; and vent on their antagonists that impatience which is the natural re sult of so disagreeable a state of the understanding. They then easily embrace any pretence for representing oppo nents as impious and profane ; and if they can also find a colour for connecting this violence with the interests of civil government, they can no longer be restrained from giving uncontrolled scope to vengeance and resentment. But surely, never enterprise was more unfortunate than a Heylin, p. 47. that of founding persecution upon policy, or endeavouring, for the sake of peace, to settle an entire uniformity of opinion in questions, which of all others are least subjected to the criterion of human reason. The universal and un contradicted prevalence of one opinion in religious sub jects can be owing at first to the stupid ignorance alone and barbarism of the people, who never indulge themselves in any speculation or inquiry; and there is no expedient for maintaining that uniformity, so fondly sought after, but by banishing for ever all curiosity and all improvement in science and cultivation. It may not, indeed, appear diffi cult to check, by a steady severity, the first beginnings of controversy ; but besides that this policy exposes for ever the people to all the abject terrors of superstition, and the magistrate to the endless encroachments of ecclesiastics, it also renders men so delicate, that they can never endure to hear of opposition ; and they will some time pay dearly for that false tranquillity in which they have been so long indulged. As healthful bodies are ruined by too nice a regimen, and are thereby rendered incapable of bearing the unavoidable incidents of human life; a people who never were allowed to imagine that their principles could be contested, fly out into the most outrageous violence when any event (and such events are common) produces a fac tion among their clergy, and gives rise to any differences in tenet or opinion. But whatever may be said in favour of suppressing, by persecution, the first beginnings of heresy, no solid argument can be alleged for extending seventy towards multitudes, or endeavouring, by capital punishments, to extirpate an opinion which has diffused itself among men of every rank and station. Besides the extreme barbarity of such an attempt, it commonly proves ineffectual to the purpose intended; and serves only to make men more obstinate in their persuasion, and to in crease the number of their proselytes. The melancholy with which the fear of death, torture, and persecution, inspires the sectaries, is the proper disposition for fostering religious zeal: the prospect of eternal rewards, when brought near, over[ owers the dread of temporal punish ments : the glory of martyrdom stimulates all the more furious zealots, especially the leaders and preachers: where a violent animosity is excited by oppression, men naturally pass from hating the persons of their tyrants, to a more violent abhorrence of their doctrines: and the spectators, moved with pity towards the supposed martyrs, are easily seduced to embrace those principles which can inspire men with a constancy that appears almost super natural. Open the door to toleration, mutual hatred relaxes among the sectaries; their attachment to their particular modes of religion decays; the common occupa tions and pleasures of life succeed to the acrimony of dis putation, and the same man who, in other circumstances, would have braved flames and tortures, is induced to change his sect from the smallest prospect of favour and advancement, or even from the frivolous hope of becoming more fashionable in his principles. If any exception can be admitted to this maxim of toleration, it will only be where a theology altogether new, nowise connected with the ancient religion of the state, is imported from foreign countries, and may easily, at one blow, be eradicated without leaving the seeds of future innovation. But as this exception would imply some apology for the ancient pagan persecutions, or for the extirpation of Christianity in China and Japan ; it ought surely, on account of this de tested consequence, to be rather buried in eternal silence and oblivion. Though these arguments appear entirely satisfactory, yet such is the subtilty of human wit, that Gardiner and the other enemies to toleration were not reduced to silence; and they still found topics on which to maintain the controversy. The doctrine, said they, of liberty of conscience, is founded on the most flagrant impiety, and supposes such an indifference among all religions, such an obscurity in theological doctrines, as to render the church and magistrate incapable of distinguishing with cer tainty the dictates of Heaven from the mere fictions of human imagination. If the Divinity reveals principles to mankind, he will surely give a criterion by which they
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